B and the corresponding 0. To use the tube holder, remove the lower part by turning counterclockwise. Then place micro … To guarantee homogeneity of chromatin or DNA … Bath water should be pure distilled water, changed regularly at least once per week. Water bath maintenance: The water bath metal surface is fragile and requires a careful maintenance. Use only soft sponge to remove traces. Never use scratch s … This equipment must only be installed by personnel after reading this sectio … The generators below the tank produce ultrasonic waves … 8.
B to guarantee the automatic temperature control of the sonication bath during the entire sonication process Figure 2. The cooling system features two pum … 9.
However, attention must be paid to the following treatment attributes to ensure best … To change the water, use either the plastic pump or a beaker be careful not to scratch the bottom of the sonicaton bath. Water purity: Contaminants such as algae and particules may alter the ultrasonic waves propagation, resulting in broader size distribution or larger peaks. Never use scratch scrub sponge sinc … Target Size: bp C. Target Size: bp B. Download Now Download Download to read offline.
Electrosmog: the current state of affairs Download Now Download Download to read offline. Five actions fit for streamlining energy savings calculations. Recent energy efficiency trends in the EU. Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing Modelling and optimisation of electric motors with hairpin windings. Casting zero porosity rotors. Direct coil cooling through hollow wire.
Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Jen Gunter. Related Audiobooks Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Single On Purpose: Redefine Everything. Find Yourself First. John Kim. Gundry, MD. Permission to Dream Chris Gardner. Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Electrosmog: the current state of affairs 1. Home of the Future 2 www. Questions have been raised as to whether this phenomenon is the cause of certain diseases and perhaps even some types of cancer.
Should we be concerned? Are there ways to reduce the influence of electrosmog? And what exactly is electrosmog? In this briefing paper, we attempt to provide candid and unbiased answers and sketch the current state of knowledge. We also discuss legislation and possible preventive measures.
The possible effects of electromagnetic fields on our health are currently the subject of a very lively debate. Not only in the media, but also among responsible scientific and government bodies. For example, a few months ago, the Flemish government, acting on the principle that prevention is better than cure see below , took the precaution of distributing a folder aimed at reducing mobile phone use by children.
Some people prefer to banish all electronic equipment from their lives, while others think that the situation is not all that serious. The debate seems far from over.
Introduction and definitions Electromagnetic fields When people talk about electrosmog, they are usually referring to the effects of electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields are defined as both electric and magnetic direct and alternating fields that occur naturally or are generated artificially by man-made devices. The best-known sources of electrosmog are power lines and cables that transport electricity, electronic equipment, and wireless communication devices.
The strength of the fields decreases as you move further away from the source. There is a significant difference in the effects of low, medium, and high frequency fields. At such frequencies, the electric and magnetic fields are not separable, and thus collectively referred to as electromagnetic waves.
Electrosmog: the Current State of Affairs 3 www. Alternating electric fields ELF Alternating electric fields occur when an electric voltage is present. They occur in the vicinity of cables, electronic equipment, walls, floors, etc. High-tension transmission lines also produce alternating electric fields. This means that they are produced when electrical equipment is switched on. Home of the Future 4 www. Radio-frequency fields between 1 MHz and 10 GHz penetrate into human tissue and produce a warming of that tissue.
However these contact currents and other fields, such as static electric fields, static magnetic fields, radioactivity, and terrestrial disturbances, are not the subject of this brochure and are not discussed further here. The scientific answer is complicated No clear-cut research results as yet The potential effects of electromagnetic fields on our health have been studied for many years already.
However, up to the present researchers have not been able to confirm any negative effects, nor have they been able to prove that no effects exist. Scientific proof is thus difficult to provide. Electrosmog: the Current State of Affairs 5 www. There is also very little well-designed research available concerning the consequences of long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields.
For example, it has been inferred from epidemiological studies that children between the ages of 0 and 15 have twice as high a relative risk of developing leukaemia if they are exposed to a Hz magnetic field with a strength of 0.
However, this is merely a statistical relationship. This result is not sufficient to draw the conclusion that there is a causal relationship. Nevertheless, various media have used such results from epidemiological studies as proof of the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation.
The precautionary principle The question is whether potential relationships are sufficient to conclude that a risk is present and to take specific action. Or is it more prudent to wait until scientific proof is available? Asbestos is often cited here as an example of a substance for which the dangerous side effects were only seriously assessed at a very late date.
According to the World Health Organization WHO , individuals can take inexpensive measures to limit their exposure to electromagnetic fields. However, there is no scientific evidence that these measures will effectively reduce the risks. Individuals can choose the measures they wish to take according to how they personally estimate the risks.
What about electrosensitivity? More and more people are exhibiting a broad spectrum of non-specific complaints that they ascribe to electricity. The most commonly occurring symptoms are fatigue, dermatological problems, a heavy feeling in the head, irritation of the eyes, a stuffy nose, headaches, etc.
In many cases, the symptoms cannot be medically explained, but they are nevertheless real and have a negative impact on health. Such persons are said to suffer from electromagnetic hypersensitivity or electrosensitivity.
Home of the Future 6 www. With most electrosensitive persons, the symptoms disappear rapidly when the distance from the source is increased. However, with highly sensitive persons, the perception of poor health can be so strong that they isolate themselves completely. Although the symptoms cannot yet be ascribed to electromagnetic fields, the Superior Health Council of Belgium is already preparing recommendations with regard to electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
What does the law say? Point of departure Various measurable limits reference values are set for exposure to electromagnetic fields depending on the frequency range in hertz Hz. An additional safety factor is applied to these values. In this document, we only discuss the limits for the 50 Hz power frequency fields. This value thus forms the point of departure for generating all standards and recommendations related to the 50 Hz frequency range.
The safety factor is 10 for the professional environment. The value for the general population is This more severe restriction takes into account the heterogeneous nature of the general population adults, children, sensitive persons, etc.
As it is difficult to measure this value in the human body, the ICNIRP uses in its recommendations other units that are easier to measure. Electrosmog: the Current State of Affairs 7 www. However, they are free to interpret these recommendations according to their own judgement. Less stringent standards apply outside of these areas. SBM limits are much stricter, and they are followed by building biologists for making measurements in homes.
0コメント